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Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine, a type of protein that is important in cell signaling. It plays a role in the body's immune response to infection and injury...
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine, a type of protein that is important in cell signaling. It plays a role in the body's immune response to infection and injury. IL-6 is produced by various types of cells, including immune cells, and helps to regulate inflammation and the function of immune cells. It has also been implicated in the development of certain diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and certain types of cancer. Research on IL-6 is ongoing, as scientists seek to better understand its role in health and disease.
Interleukin 6 is known to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the specific context. It can stimulate the immune system to fight infections and regulate the body's response to tissue damage. In addition to its role in the immune system, IL-6 is also involved in the regulation of metabolism and has been linked to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Some medical treatments use drugs that target IL-6 or its receptor to help manage conditions where excessive inflammation plays a role. For example, medications that block IL-6 signaling have been approved for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
On the other hand, IL-6 has also been implicated in the development of certain cancers, including multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. Research is ongoing to understand how IL-6 contributes to these conditions and whether targeting IL-6 could be a potential treatment approach.
Given its diverse roles in the body, interleukin 6 continues to be a subject of active investigation in both basic scientific research and clinical studies, with the aim of better understanding its functions and potential therapeutic applications.
Ngoài những tác dụng đã mô tả, interleukin 6 (IL-6) cũng được biết đến với vai trò trong việc điều chỉnh sự phát triển và hoạt động của tế bào cơ bản như tế bào máu, tế bào tủy xương, và tế bào mỡ. IL-6 cũng được xem xét với vai trò trong quá trình chuyển hóa insulin và sự cân bằng năng lượng cơ thể.
Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy IL-6 có thể ảnh hưởng đến não bộ, có ảnh hưởng đến sự sinh động của các tế bào não và có liên quan đến các điều chỉnh của tâm trạng và cảm xúc. Sự tăng cường tự nhiên của IL-6 có thể liên kết với các bệnh lo âu, trầm cảm và rối loạn tâm thần.
Ngoài ra, IL-6 cũng có thể góp phần vào tình trạng viêm nhiễm cấp tính và môi trường viêm do bệnh tự miễn.
Mặc dù IL-6 rất quan trọng trong các quá trình sinh lý và bệnh lý, nhưng dư lượng cao của nó cũng có thể gây ra những tác động xấu và góp phần vào nhiều bệnh lý khác nhau. Do đó, việc nghiên cứu IL-6 giúp chúng ta hiểu rõ hơn về cơ chế hoạt động của IL-6 cũng như cơ hội phát triển các phương pháp điều trị mới.
Interleukin-10 and the Interleukin-10 Receptor Annual Review of Immunology - Tập 19 Số 1 - Trang 683-765 - 2001
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.
Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation Biochemical Journal - Tập 374 Số 1 - Trang 1-20 - 2003
The IL (interleukin)-6-type cytokines IL-6, IL-11, LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor), OSM (oncostatin M), ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-1 and cardiotrophin-like cytokine are an important family of mediators involved in the regulation of the acute-phase response to injury and infection. Besides their functions in inflammation and the immune response, these cytokines play also a crucial role in haematopoiesis, liver and neuronal regeneration, embryonal development and fertility. Dysregulation of IL-6-type cytokine signalling contributes to the onset and maintenance of several diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis and various types of cancer (e.g. multiple myeloma and prostate cancer). IL-6-type cytokines exert their action via the signal transducers gp (glycoprotein) 130, LIF receptor and OSM receptor leading to the activation of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. This review focuses on recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IL-6-type cytokine signal transduction. Emphasis is put on the termination and modulation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway mediated by tyrosine phosphatases, the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signalling) feedback inhibitors and PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) proteins. Also the cross-talk between the JAK/STAT pathway with other signalling cascades is discussed.
Interleukin-13: Central Mediator of Allergic Asthma American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 282 Số 5397 - Trang 2258-2261 - 1998
The worldwide incidence, morbidity, and mortality of allergic asthma are increasing. The pathophysiological features of allergic asthma are thought to result from the aberrant expansion of CD4
+
T cells producing the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, although a necessary role for these cytokines in allergic asthma has not been demonstrable. The type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma. IL-13 induces the pathophysiological features of asthma in a manner that is independent of immunoglobulin E and eosinophils. Thus, IL-13 is critical to allergen-induced asthma but operates through mechanisms other than those that are classically implicated in allergic responses.
Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism Blood - Tập 77 Số 8 - Trang 1627-1652 - 1991
Abstract
The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a variety of genes and the synthesis of several proteins that, in turn, induce acute and chronic inflammatory changes. IL-1 is also the prototypic “alarm' cytokine in that it brings about increases in a variety of defense mechanisms, particularly immunologic and hematologic responses. Most studies on the biology of IL-1 have been performed in animals, but human subjects have recently been injected with recombinant IL-1 and the results confirm the two fundamental properties of IL-1 as being both a mediator of disease as well as of host defense. However, in either situation, over or continued production of IL-1 leads to debilitation of normal host functions; therefore, reduction of IL-1 synthesis or its effects becomes a target of therapy in many diseases. In this review, the structure, gene expression, synthesis, and secretion of IL-1 are described. In addition, the two IL-1 surface receptors, possible signal transduction mechanisms, various biologic activities, and production of IL-1 during disease states are discussed. Similarities and differences between IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-6 are presented. Although various agents for reducing the synthesis and/or for antagonizing the effects of IL-1 have been proposed, the recent cloning of a naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL- 1ra) has opened new experimental and clinical approaches. The ability of this IL-1ra to block the triggering of IL-1 receptors in animals without agonist effects has reduced the severity of diseases such as hemodynamic shock, lethal sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, experimental arthritis, and the spontaneous proliferation of human leukemic cells.
